Interferes with the retention of early items.įollowing a single exposure to learning, recall is better for items at the beginning (primacy) and end (recency) of a list Inhibition, and the resulting high activity, allows continuous acquisition such that acquisition of later items eventually High recurrent inhibition, and progressively diminishingĪctivity, allows acquisition and retention of early items, while later items are never acquired. Activity levels that are too low do not provide sufficient connectionsįor learning to occur, while higher activity diminishes capacity. Inhibition, and its control of activity,ĭetermines those list items that are acquired and retained. Primacy and recency clarifies possible reasons for two neurologically distinct systems. Simulations of the model exhibit either primacy or recency, but not both simultaneously.
A simple, biologically motivated neural network model supportsĪn alternative hypothesis of the distinct processing requirements for primacy and recency given single-trial learning without
Memory because they have had more opportunity to be rehearsed. Primacy is not as well understood, but many hypotheses contend that initial items are better encoded into long-term
A widely accepted explanation of recency is that in short-term memory, new learning overwrites Behavioral and neurobiological evidence shows that primacy and recency are subserved by memory systems for intermediate- and
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